Abstract
The gag
reflex is a mechanism which prevents unwanted objects from entering the
pharynx, larynx or trachea. Due to some reasons, the mechanism of this reflex
could be damaged and impede on oral-health related
behaviors and oral health of individuals. Besides, dentists face problems
during dental diagnostic procedures and dental treatment of these patients
according to the severity of the problem. It would be helpful for a dentist to
be able to identify problematic gagging of a patient before starting dental
diagnostic and treatment procedures. Problematic gag reflex could be assessed
with special designed questionnaires before starting a dental procedure of the
patient. Behavioral approaches, complementary medicine therapies and
pharmacological techniques are methods used for the treatment of patients with
problematic gagging. The aim of this article is to describe problematic gagging
and give information about the special designed scales, and the techniques
which could be applied for the elimination of the problem.
Keywords: Gagging, dentistry, questionnaires, dental
treatment
DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KUSMA
REFLEKSİ: NE YAPABİLİRİZ
ÖZ
refleksi istenmeyen cisimlerin farinks, larinks ve trakeadan girişini
engelleyen bir mekanizmadır. Birta- kım etkenler bu mekanizmanın normal
çalışmasını bozarak bireylerin oral hijyeni alışkanlıklarını ve oral sağlığını
etkileyebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, diş hekimleri de dental diagnostik
prosedürlerde ve dental tedavi sırasında durumun şiddetine göre birtakım
problemler yaşayabilmektedir. Bu işlemlerin öncesinde diş hekiminin hastada
sorun yaratacak bir kusma refleksinin olup olmadığını belirlemesi hekime
yardımcı olacaktır. Hekimler hastalarında problem oluşturacak kusma refleksi
olup olmadığı tedaviye başlamadan önce özel skalalar yardımı ile
değerlendirebilmektedir. Problem yaratacak düzeyde kusma refleksi bulunan
hastaların tedavilerinde davranışsal yaklaşımlar, tamamlayıcı medikal terapiler
ve farmakolojik teknikler kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı dental işlemler
sırasında problem oluşturan kusma refleksini tanımlamak, refleksin belirlenmesi
için kullanılabilecek skalaları ve problemin eliminasyonu için uygulana- bilecek
yöntemler hakkında bilgi vermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kusma, diş
hekimliği, anket, dental tedavi
Keywords
References
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- 2-The glossary of prosthodontic terms. J Prosthet Dent 2005;94:10-92.
- 3-Murphy WM. A clinical survey of gagging patients. J Prosthet Dent 1979; 42:145-8.
- 4-Meeker HG, Magalee R. The conservative management of the gag reflex in full denture patients. N Y State Dent J 1986;52:11-4.
- 5-Bassi GS, Humphris GM, Longman LP. The etiology and management of gagging: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 2004;91:459-67.
- 6-Kassab NH, Al-Saffar MT. Gagging: A problem in prosthetic dentistry and its medical treatment. Al-Rafidain Dent J 2005;5:168-73.
- 7-Dickinson CM, Fiske J. A review of gagging problems in dentistry: aetiology and classification. Dent Update 2005;32: 26e32.
- 8-van Houtem CM, van Wijk AJ, Boomsma DI, Ligthart L, Visscher CM, de Jongh A. Self-reported gagging in dentistry: prevalence, psycho-social correlates and oral health. J Oral Rehabil 2015;42:487-94.
- 9-Sewerin I. Gagging in dental radiography. Oral Surg 1984;58:725–8.
- 10-Randall CL, Shulman GP, Crout RJ, McNeil DW. Gagging and its associations with dental care-related fear, fear of pain and beliefs about treatment. J Am Dent Assoc 2014;145:452-8
- van Linden van den Heuvell GF, Ter Pelkwijk BJ, Stegenga B. Development of the Gagging Problem Assessment: a pilot study. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 35:196-202.
- 12-Akarslan ZZ, Erten H. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the shorter form of the gagging problem assessment questionnaire. J Oral Rehabil 2010;37:21-5.
- 13-Yildirim-Bicer AZ, Akarslan ZZ. Influence of gag reflex on removable prosthetic restoration tolerance according to the patient section of the short form of the Gagging Problem Assessment Questionnaire. J Adv Prosthodont 2014;6:474-82.
- 14-Akarslan ZZ, Biçer AZ. Utility of the gagging problem assessment questionnaire in assessing patient sensitivity to dental treatments. J Oral Rehabil 2012;39:948-55.
- 15-Akarslan ZZ, Yıldırım Biçer AZ. Influence of gag reflex on dental attendance, dental anxiety, self-reported temporomandibular disorders and prosthetic restorations. J Oral Rehabil 2013;40:932-9.
- 16-Kaufman E, Weinstein P, Sommers EE, Soltero DJ. An experimental study of the control of the gag reflex with nitrous oxide. Anesth Prog 1988;35:155-7.
- 17-Conny DJ, Tedesco LA.The gagging problem in prosthodontic treatment. Part I: description and causes. J Prosthet Dent 1983;49:601-6
- 18-Winocur E, Uziel N, Lisha T, Goldsmith C, Eli I. Self-reported bruxism - associations with perceived stress, motivation for control, dental anxiety and gagging. J Oral Rehabil 2011;38:3-11.
- 19-Hearing CM, Bind RH, Tabacco MJ, Hallock RM. A Reliable and Valid Survey to Predict a Patient's Gagging Intensity. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2014;5:e3.
- 20-van Linden van den Heuvell GF, de Boer B, Ter Pelkwijk BJ, Bildt MM, Stegenga B. Gagging Problem Assessment: a re-evaluation. J Oral Rehabil 2015;42:495-502
- Thayer ML. The use of acupuncture in dentistry. Dent Update 2007; 34:244-6, 249-50.
- 32-Fiske J, Dickinson C. The role of acupuncture in controlling the gagging reflex using a review of ten cases. Br Dent J 2001;190:611-3.
- 33-Elbay M, Tak Ö, Şermet Elbay Ü, Kaya C, Eryılmaz K. The use of low-level laser therapy for controlling the gag reflex in children during intraoral radiography of maxillary teeth. Lasers Med Sci 2016;31:355-61.
- 34-Chate RA. Acupuncture for controlling gag reflex? Br Dent J 2001;191:537.
- 35-Whittaker P. Laser acupuncture: past, present, and future. Lasers Med Sci 2004; 19:69-80.
- 36-Schlager A, Offer T, Baldissera I. Laser stimulation of acupuncture point P6 reduces postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Br J Anaesth 1998; 81:529-32.
- 37-Farrier S, Pretty IA, Lynch CD, Addy LD. Gagging during impression making: techniques for reduction. Dent Update 2011; 38:171-2.
- 38-Vachiramon A, Wang WC. Acupressure technique to control gag reflex during maxillary impression procedures. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 88:236.
- 39-Ramazani M, Zarenejad N, Ebrahimi K. The Help of Hypnodontics to a Patient with Scleroderma ‒ Case Report. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 2015; 9:e211.
- 40-Facco E, Zanette G, Casiglia E. The role of hypnotherapy in dentistry. SAAD Dig 2014; 30:3-6.
Abstract
References
- Rosted P, Miles TS. Swallowing. In Miles TS, Nauntofte B, Svensson P (eds) Clinical Oral Physiology. Copenhagen; Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd: 2004. p. 245-254.
- 2-The glossary of prosthodontic terms. J Prosthet Dent 2005;94:10-92.
- 3-Murphy WM. A clinical survey of gagging patients. J Prosthet Dent 1979; 42:145-8.
- 4-Meeker HG, Magalee R. The conservative management of the gag reflex in full denture patients. N Y State Dent J 1986;52:11-4.
- 5-Bassi GS, Humphris GM, Longman LP. The etiology and management of gagging: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 2004;91:459-67.
- 6-Kassab NH, Al-Saffar MT. Gagging: A problem in prosthetic dentistry and its medical treatment. Al-Rafidain Dent J 2005;5:168-73.
- 7-Dickinson CM, Fiske J. A review of gagging problems in dentistry: aetiology and classification. Dent Update 2005;32: 26e32.
- 8-van Houtem CM, van Wijk AJ, Boomsma DI, Ligthart L, Visscher CM, de Jongh A. Self-reported gagging in dentistry: prevalence, psycho-social correlates and oral health. J Oral Rehabil 2015;42:487-94.
- 9-Sewerin I. Gagging in dental radiography. Oral Surg 1984;58:725–8.
- 10-Randall CL, Shulman GP, Crout RJ, McNeil DW. Gagging and its associations with dental care-related fear, fear of pain and beliefs about treatment. J Am Dent Assoc 2014;145:452-8
- van Linden van den Heuvell GF, Ter Pelkwijk BJ, Stegenga B. Development of the Gagging Problem Assessment: a pilot study. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 35:196-202.
- 12-Akarslan ZZ, Erten H. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the shorter form of the gagging problem assessment questionnaire. J Oral Rehabil 2010;37:21-5.
- 13-Yildirim-Bicer AZ, Akarslan ZZ. Influence of gag reflex on removable prosthetic restoration tolerance according to the patient section of the short form of the Gagging Problem Assessment Questionnaire. J Adv Prosthodont 2014;6:474-82.
- 14-Akarslan ZZ, Biçer AZ. Utility of the gagging problem assessment questionnaire in assessing patient sensitivity to dental treatments. J Oral Rehabil 2012;39:948-55.
- 15-Akarslan ZZ, Yıldırım Biçer AZ. Influence of gag reflex on dental attendance, dental anxiety, self-reported temporomandibular disorders and prosthetic restorations. J Oral Rehabil 2013;40:932-9.
- 16-Kaufman E, Weinstein P, Sommers EE, Soltero DJ. An experimental study of the control of the gag reflex with nitrous oxide. Anesth Prog 1988;35:155-7.
- 17-Conny DJ, Tedesco LA.The gagging problem in prosthodontic treatment. Part I: description and causes. J Prosthet Dent 1983;49:601-6
- 18-Winocur E, Uziel N, Lisha T, Goldsmith C, Eli I. Self-reported bruxism - associations with perceived stress, motivation for control, dental anxiety and gagging. J Oral Rehabil 2011;38:3-11.
- 19-Hearing CM, Bind RH, Tabacco MJ, Hallock RM. A Reliable and Valid Survey to Predict a Patient's Gagging Intensity. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2014;5:e3.
- 20-van Linden van den Heuvell GF, de Boer B, Ter Pelkwijk BJ, Bildt MM, Stegenga B. Gagging Problem Assessment: a re-evaluation. J Oral Rehabil 2015;42:495-502
- Thayer ML. The use of acupuncture in dentistry. Dent Update 2007; 34:244-6, 249-50.
- 32-Fiske J, Dickinson C. The role of acupuncture in controlling the gagging reflex using a review of ten cases. Br Dent J 2001;190:611-3.
- 33-Elbay M, Tak Ö, Şermet Elbay Ü, Kaya C, Eryılmaz K. The use of low-level laser therapy for controlling the gag reflex in children during intraoral radiography of maxillary teeth. Lasers Med Sci 2016;31:355-61.
- 34-Chate RA. Acupuncture for controlling gag reflex? Br Dent J 2001;191:537.
- 35-Whittaker P. Laser acupuncture: past, present, and future. Lasers Med Sci 2004; 19:69-80.
- 36-Schlager A, Offer T, Baldissera I. Laser stimulation of acupuncture point P6 reduces postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Br J Anaesth 1998; 81:529-32.
- 37-Farrier S, Pretty IA, Lynch CD, Addy LD. Gagging during impression making: techniques for reduction. Dent Update 2011; 38:171-2.
- 38-Vachiramon A, Wang WC. Acupressure technique to control gag reflex during maxillary impression procedures. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 88:236.
- 39-Ramazani M, Zarenejad N, Ebrahimi K. The Help of Hypnodontics to a Patient with Scleroderma ‒ Case Report. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 2015; 9:e211.
- 40-Facco E, Zanette G, Casiglia E. The role of hypnotherapy in dentistry. SAAD Dig 2014; 30:3-6.
Details
| Journal Section | Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016 Volume: 26 Issue: 3 |
Cite
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https://doi.org/10.2478/asmj-2019-0009
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