Skip to main content
Log in

Shipowners, ports and diplomats: the political economy of Greece’s relations with China

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Asia Europe Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The paper analyses Greece’s relations with China and highlights the crucial role of specific business interests in strengthening bilateral ties. Greek–Chinese political contacts, as well as trade, investment and touristic flows, have significantly increased in the last decade. The concession of the Piraeus port to the Chinese company COSCO was the major turning point for the relationship. The paper notes a strong influence of shipowning interests in Greece’s foreign policy decision-making system which has conditioned the development of Greek–Chinese relations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Dimitris Katsoudas, Former General Secretary for European Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Greece, 22 May 2013, Athens, Greece, (Interview).

  2. Kampanis M., Former Greek Ambassador to Beijing, 5 May 2011, Athens, Greece, (Interview).

  3. China Daily, 22 May 2007.

  4. Xinhuanet, 25 February 2011.

  5. Kampanis M., Former Greek Ambassador to Beijing, 5 May 2011, Athens, Greece, (Interview).

  6. Greek businessman that wanted to remain anonymous, 8 December 2012, Thessaloniki, Greece, (Interview).

  7. Former Deputy Minister of Karamanlis government (2004–2009), 11 December 2012, Corinth, Greece, (Interview). Name withheld at her own request.

  8. Marinews, 9 April 2006.

  9. Greek Shipping News, 9 December 2007.

  10. Ethnos, 27 July 2006.

  11. Psaraftis H., Former CEO of the Piraeus Port Authority (OLP) (1996 to 2002), Professor, National Technical University of Athens, 6 December 2012, Athens, Greece, (Interview).

  12. Pallis A., Former Secretary General for Ports and Port Policy [2011–2012], Assistant Professor, University of Aegean, 5 December 2012, Athens, Greece, (Interview).

  13. Cited in The Economist 2008.

  14. Pallis A., Former Secretary General for Ports and Port Policy [2011–2012], Assistant Professor, University of Aegean, 5 December 2012, Athens, Greece, (Interview).

References

  • Agnantopoulos A (2007) Greece and the Palestinian–Israeli conflict: a discursive-constructivist perspective. Μediterr Polit 12(3):359–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alden C, Aran A (2012) Foreign policy analysis, new approaches. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Alderman L (October 10, 2012) Under Chinese, a Greek port thrives, The New York Times

  • Andornino G (2012) The political economy of Italy’s relations with China. Int Spect 47(2):87–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bank of Greece (2012) Report of the Bank of Greece. 2011

  • Batzoglou F, Ertel M (2011) Chinese investors take advantage of Greek crisis. SpiegelOnline

  • Baumann R, Stengel F (2010) Globalization and foreign policy analysis: neglect of or successful adaptation to changing political practices? Paper presented in the 51st Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, New Orleans, February 2010

  • Boston Consulting Group (2013) Impact assessment of the shipping cluster on the Greek economy & society

  • Brabant M (2008) Hu’s Greek trip focuses on trade. BBC News

  • Breslin S (2004) Beyond diplomacy? UK relations with China since 1997. Br J Polit Int Relat 6:409–425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breuning M (2007) Foreign policy analysis: a comparative introduction. Palgrave/Macmillan, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Coralluzzo V (2008) Italy’s foreign policy toward China: missed opportunities and new chances. J Mod Ital Stud 13(1):6–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson L (2006) Privatizing foreign policy. Middle East Policy XIII(2):134–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich JW (1999) Interest groups and foreign policy: Clinton and the China MFN debates. Pres Stud Q 29(2):280–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dokos T (2012) The geopolitical consequences of the Greek crisis. ELIAMEP Policy Papers 18

  • Economic and Commercial Affairs Greek Office in Beijing (2011) Brief note on Greece–China bilateral commodities trade 2011

  • Economides S (2005) The Europeanization of Greek foreign policy. West Eur Polit 28(2):471–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • European Monitoring Center on Change (2010) Piraeus port authority fact sheet

  • Eurostat (2013) Various statistics

  • Everts P, Isernia P (2001) Public opinion and the international use of force. Routledge, London

  • Flynn D, Kyvrikosaios D (2008) With slump in world shipping, Greece has a lot to lose. International Herald Tribune

  • Fox J, Godement F (2009) A power audit of EU-China relations. European Council on Foreign Relations, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Garten JE (1997) Business and foreign policy. Foreign Policy 76(3):67–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgantas E (2012) Hibous sur l’ eau, caisses à dragon: origins et dynamique du rapprochement sino-grec. Outre-Terre 1(31):333–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godement F (2008) China rising: can there be a European strategy? Korean J Def Anal 20(1):63–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greek Ministry of Merchant Marine Press Office (2006)

  • Greek Ministry of Merchant Marine Press Office (2007)

  • Greek Prime Minister Press Office (2006)

  • Hope K (2011) Greek ship-owners miss China hand. Financial Times

  • Huliaras A (1990) The foreign policy of the Greek socialists (1981–1986): forces of continuity and change. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Hull

  • Huliaras A, Tsardanidis C (2006) (Mis)understanding the Balkans: Greek geopolitical codes of the post-communist era. Geopolit 11(3):465–483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ioakimides PC (1999) The model of foreign policy-making in Greece: personalities vs institutions. In: Stavridis S et al (eds) The foreign policies of the European Union’s Mediterranean States and applicant countries in the 1990s. Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs LR, Page BI (2005) Who influences US foreign policy? Am Polit Sci Rev 99(1):107–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joachim J, Dembinski M (2011) A contradiction in terms? NGOs, democracy and European foreign and security policy. J Eur Public Policy 18(8):1151–1168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joint Communiqué between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Greece on the Establishment of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (2006)

  • Kazamias A (1997) The quest for modernization in Greek foreign policy and its limitations. Μediterr Polit 2(2):71–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keridis D (2001) Domestic developments and foreign policy. In: Keridis D, Triantaphyllou D (eds) Greek-turkish relations in the era of globalization. Brassey’s, Everett

    Google Scholar 

  • Kottakis M (2011) Karamanlis—off the record. Livanis, Athens

    Google Scholar 

  • Langhorne R (2005) The diplomacy of non-state actors. Dipl Statecraft 16:331–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lanteigne M (2009) Chinese foreign policy: an introduction. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee D (2004) The growing influence of business in UK diplomacy. Int Stud Perspect 5(1):50–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lomagin N (2012) Interest groups in Russian foreign policy: the invisible hand of the Russian Orthodox Church. Int Polit 49:498–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick JM (2012) The domestic sources of American foreign policy: insights and evidence. Rowman and Littlefield, Plymouth

    Google Scholar 

  • Melander I, Papachristou H (2010) China’s Wen offers to buy Greek debt. Reuters

  • Moeller K (2002) Diplomatic relations and mutual strategic perceptions: China and the European Union. China Q 169:10–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naixiao Z, Zhuoqi D (2012) The opportunities to Chinese enterprise in foreign direct investment during the period of Greek economic recovery. Int J Asian Bus Inf Manag 3(3):27–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narramore T (2008) China and Europe: engagement, multipolarity and strategy. Pac Rev 21(1):87–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OECD (2013) Various statistics

  • OJEU (2012), State Aid No SA.288876, 5 October.

  • Panagopoulos A (2006) Prime Minister Karamanlis visits Shanghai, urges tightening of Greek-Chinese commercial ties. Athens News Agency

  • Papadimitriou C (2005) Trade with China Grows, I Kathimerini (English edition)

  • Poulain L (2011) China’s new Balkan strategy. Central Europe Watch 1(2), Center for Strategic & International Studies

  • Psaraftis HN, Pallis AA (2012) Concession of the Piraeus container terminal: turbulent times and the quest for competitiveness. Marit Policy Man 39(1):27–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rumelili B (2005) Civil society and the Europeanization of Greek–Turkish cooperation. South Eur Soc Polit 10(1):45–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shambaugh D (2005) The new strategic triangle: US and European reactions to China’s rise. Wash Q 28(3):7–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sklias P et al (2012) China’s economic diplomacy: a comparative approach to Sino–Greek and Sino–Turkish relations. Int J Bus Soc Sci 3(10):286–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Skordilis G (2007) Mr. Kefalogiannis sank at Tympaki. To Vima

  • Stasinopoulos D (2012) China–Greece cooperation against the background of global economic and financial crisis. In: EU–China Observer. Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies, College of Europe, Bruges

    Google Scholar 

  • The Economist (1997) Thoroughly modern mercantilists, pp. 21–3

  • The Economist (2008) The Greeks and the Chinese: doing business for aeons. http://www.economist.com/node/11977024

  • Tsardanidis C, Stavridis S (2005) The Europeanisation of Greek foreign policy: a critical appraisal. J Eur Integr 27(2):217–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsarouhas D (2009) The political economy of Greek–Turkish relations. Southeast Eur Black Sea Stud 9(1–2):39–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Union of the Greek Shipowners (2012) Annual Report 2011–12

  • Varadaraian L (2012) The domestic abroad: Diasporas in international relations. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace W, Josselin D (2002) Non-state actors in world politics. Palgrave-Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Webber M, Smith M (2002) Foreign policy in a transformed world. Prentice Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahariadis N (2005) Essence of political manipulation: emotions, institutions and Greek foreign policy. Peter Lang, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Disclaimer

Part of the research for this article has been funded from the European Commission, Jean Monnet Chair on EU Relations with the Less Developed World.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sotiris Petropoulos.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Huliaras, A., Petropoulos, S. Shipowners, ports and diplomats: the political economy of Greece’s relations with China. Asia Eur J 12, 215–230 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-013-0367-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-013-0367-1

Keywords

Navigation